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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Merrill Swain ： ウィキペディア英語版 Merrill Swain Merrill Swain is a professor emerita of second-language education at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://legacy.oise.utoronto.ca/depts/ctl/facultystaff/profiles/profile.php?lastname=Swain&firstname=Merrill )〕 She developed the output hypothesis, a theory of second-language acquisition which states that learners cannot reach full grammatical competence in a language from input processing alone, but must also produce spoken language output. Swain is also known for her work with Michael Canale on communicative competence. Swain was the president of the American Association for Applied Linguistics in 1998.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.aaal.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=13 )〕 She received her PhD at the University of California.〔 == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Merrill Swain」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.